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Special Issue 2009
 
AVENUES  
 
Canadian Economy:
A Success Carved By Immigrants


Canada's immigration has traditionally been a major shaping factor in society and culture. The present success of the Canadian economy is based on the immigration policy it adopts and is willing to change with changing times.

Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Jason Kenney had recently visited India and on assessment of the visa issuing authorities at the New Delhi and Chandigarh offices, he mentioned that although the visa approvals from Canadian Consulates were on the rise, frauds too were also on the rise.

Most recently a new proposal mooted by his ministry, suggested that applicants from Safe Countries could be fast tracked.

The reform, if it passes, would change the system so that applicants from countries that are generally deemed "safe" would be able to enter the country much more quickly, opening up resources to allow other applicants to also have their documents judged more quickly.

In a push by the Conservatives for reform to make the Canadian visa system more similar to the British, this proposal would attempt to speed up the laborious and lengthy process that is prevalent in Canadian immigration.

Minister Kenney said the fast-track reform is: "One dominant idea that has been proposed that I think is worth consideration. The reality is there's been, for good reason, a great deal of caution from successive governments about this issue."

Rules to Safeguard Foreign Temporary Workers

In the near future companies seeking to bring temporary foreign workers into Canada will be more closely watched and those not following the rules will be 'named and shamed' according to the new guidelines issued by Citizenship and Immigration Canada.

These new practices are being brought in to help care for temporary foreign workers as they play a crucial role in Canada's economy. Kenney said. "We have a duty to them, employers and all Canadians, to ensure that the program is fair and equitable."

Proposed changes to the Foreign Worker Program

• Thorough assessment of the authenticity of the job offer
• Limits to the length of a workers stay in Canada.
• A two-year probation period imposed for employers wishing to recruit temporary foreign workers who have been found to have been treating temporary workers poorly, providing significantly different wages and working conditions for those workers.
• Any employers who have been prohibited from hiring temporary foreign workers will be listed on the Citizenship and Immigration website.

The regulatory changes being proposed are the consequence of extensive consultations and address the most significant concerns identified through that process, said Minister Kenney.

A key part of the new regulations is to limit the length of time workers can stay and work in Canada before returning back to their home countries. After a cumulative total of four years of working in Canada a worker would be not eligible to work in Canada for six years after that. This reflects that the program is designed to address short-term labour shortages and is not a long term solution.
   
  Successful Integration
of Immigrants
 

According to immigration experts, Canada has been more successful than most countries at integrating immigrants into society.

Unlike in many European countries, almost all of Canada's immigrants become citizens, says William Kymlicka, the Canada Research Chair in political philosophy at Queen's University and a leading expert on Canadian immigration. And their children outperform offspring of non-immigrant families when it comes to education, something that doesn't happen in any other Western democracy, he adds.

Kymlicka also argues that visible minorities, both first and second generation, claim to feel a great sense of pride in Canada, which is on par with that felt among white Canadians. According to research, Muslims feel more welcome in Canada than in other countries, says Kymlicka. As a result, the vast majority of Canadians feel comfortable with immigrants as neighbours and co-workers.

Unlike other countries where immigrants often chose to live within their own communities resulting in such areas becoming ghettos, Canadian society does not lock people into poverty or breed anti-Canadian feelings.
   
 
Ontario: An Immigration
Success Story


North Bay, Ontario has been recognized as a success in terms of immigrant attraction and retention reports a case study by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA).

North Bay's mayor, Vic Fedeli, stated that the city's focus on immigrant attraction and retention originated after realizing that the city was homogenous. On doing the program they realized that there were huge gaps in the labour pool and immigration was one way to bring people to the place he stated.
The community project included three cities namely North Bay, Brockville and Chatham-Kent. The results will contribute to new government policy aimed at encouraging immigrants to settle in communities other than major cities such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

The first step before developing the project was to work with the area newcomers. Marla Tremblay of the Mayor's Office of Economic Development formed the North Bay Newcomer Network (NNN). After listening to Citizenship and Immigration Canada note how settlement agencies are funded, NNN members chose a non-profit media organization, Young People's Press, to apply for settlement funding. Their work resulted in the opening of the North Bay and District Multicultural Centre in February 2008.

With the progress that has happened in three years, Fideli still sees immigration as a priority. "We've got a lot of sweat equity into our immigration strategy and it would be a huge step backward to let it fall from being a priority," he says.

Statistics Canada points out that by 2011, all net growth in the Canadian labour force will be through immigration, and by 2026 all growth in population will be through immigration.
   
 
Committee for Community Historical
Recognition Projects


Three individuals have been named to the newly formed Indo-Canadian Advisory Committee for the Community Historical Recognition Program (CHRP). The CHRP, announced in 2006 and launched in 2008, is a grants and contributions program for community-based commemorative and learning projects related to historical immigration restrictions and wartime measures that were applied in Canada.

The three-member committee is chaired by Jack Uppal. The other members are Dr. Ratna Ghosh (Vice-chair) and Iqbal Gill. The committee met to review submitted proposals for projects that recognize the experiences of the community. The committee will provide advice to the Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism Minister Jason Kenney on the merit of the proposals. Members of the Indo-Canadian Advisory Committee are appointed for a two-year term with the option of an additional two-year term.

Jack Uppal is a successful business person and well known in the community, often described as one of the most prominent figures in Canada's South Asian community.

Dr. Ghosh is a professor at McGill University and is a Member of the Order of Canada.

Iqbal Gill is a teacher with the Peel District School Board and serves as the chief editor of 'Khabarnama', a weekly newspaper focused on the Punjabi-Canadian community.

"These three individuals have demonstrated great leadership and made major contributions on issues important to their community," said Minister Kenney. "The advice they are providing on the merit of eligible Indo-Canadian Community Historical Recognition Program projects is extremely valuable."

A total of $2.5 million is available to the Indo-Canadian community for projects related to the Komagata Maru incident of 1914, such as monuments, commemorative plaques, teaching materials and exhibits. The Komagata Maru was a ship that arrived in Vancouver harbour carrying approximately 376 East Indian passengers, most of whom were not permitted to land because the ship did not make a continuous journey to Canada, as prescribed by Canadian immigration regulations at the time.

"This Government believes it is important for all Canadians to learn about our history. These important projects enable the communities affected to undertake meaningful commemorative and instructive activities to ensure that their experiences are shared with others," said Minister Kenney.
   
 
Economic Action Plan Helps Canadians
Retain Jobs
 

As companies experience a temporary slowdown, more Canadians can keep their employment through Canada's Economic Action Plan which is helping workers and businesses by extending and easing availability to Work-Sharing agreements.

Work-Sharing is an element of the Employment Insurance (EI) program that can be instrumental in assisting businesses experiencing a temporary slowdown caused by factors beyond their control. It is designed to avoid layoffs by offering EI income support to qualifying workers willing to work a reduced work week while their employer recovers.

Under Work-Sharing, employers can retain employees and avoid expensive re-hiring and re-training costs, and employees are able to continue working and keep their skills up to date.

Companies in key sectors of Canada's economy, such as forestry and manufacturing, are already using the Work-Sharing program. As of June 14, 2009, Work-Sharing was benefiting over 31,000 Quebecers and more than 135,000 Canadians. In Quebec, there were over 750 agreements, with 64 of them directly helping the forestry sector.

There are seven active Work-Sharing agreements in the Outaouais region involving over 250 employees, including more than 70 at Louisiana-Pacific.

"Our Government knows that, by keeping Quebeckers, and indeed all Canadians working, we can minimize the impact of this difficult economic time," said Minister of Foreign Affairs Lawrence Cannon, and Minister responsible for the Outaouais region.

"Improvements to the Work-Sharing program provide companies like Louisiana-Pacific Canada and their employees with easier and extended availability to Work-Sharing agreements while these companies recover from temporary slowdowns."

Minister Cannon made the statement on behalf of the Honourable Diane Finley, Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development, in an address to employees at Louisiana-Pacific.
   
  Canada Free from
Anti-immigration Backlash
 

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) claims that Canada is among the western democracies least likely to develop an anti-immigrant backlash. This finding was reported after a presentation urging western democracies to keep their ports of entry open to newcomers despite the economic crisis.

Although the recession has disproportionately affected migrants, OECD called on member countries to come up with better programs to help struggling immigrants adapt in their new homelands.

OECD's John Martin, director for employment, labour and social affairs, described Canada as a "country of permanent settlement" because most newcomers typically arrive with the intention of making Canada their permanent home.

In many European countries, immigrants, many with basic schooling who arrive to take low-wage employment no one else wants, are often viewed as temporary travelers even if many end up establishing roots.

"I think the sense of backlash is much less in countries of permanent settlement like Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. These are all countries that were built on immigration; people still feel it's important to accept immigrants," said Martin.

Immigration Minister Jason Kenney had announced in February that Canada welcomed 247,202 permanent residents in 2008, 70,000 more than a decade earlier. The government has plans for 240,000 to 265,000 this year.

"Our government will not follow the advice of those who believe that Canada should take steps to reduce immigration levels. In fact, we are maintaining our planned immigration levels for 2009," Kenney said. He categorically stated that Canada would not be led by short-sightedness and divisive rhetoric that pits immigration against Canadians and against the economy.

It should be noted that OECD is a Paris-based think-tank funded by Canada and 29 other member countries to provide governments with economic and social policy advice.